PR Rx Section 4: Decision Makers

Communicating in Person


Do not assume that decision makers will read all your reports, understand your proposal, and intuitively grasp the importance of what you need.  Take the time to present your request in person.

Your face-to-face communication with decision makers is a critical time to make your case.  While successful PR efforts involve constant communication with decision makers and are based on building relationships, you will likely have the opportunity to make your library’s case through several formal and essential venues.  Scheduled policy meetings, formal presentations, and testimony should be the crowning task of your PR efforts which involve policy or budget matters.

“THE MEETING”

Make an appointment. When you are advocating for something, do so formally.  While you make have many water cooler conversations about your library and may also have the opportunity to talk with decision makers socially, do not assume that informal advocacy—while very helpful—replaces a formal request.  In a meeting, you are forced to clearly articulate what you want and why.  You state your case and then let the decision maker know that you expect consideration of the issue and some institutional/governmental response to it. In a formal meeting, you completely eliminate any potential conflict of friendship because you are presenting your case within your institution’s professional practice. 

Schedule the meeting at a time that is not too late or early in the decision-making process. Timing is everything.  Do not surprise decision makers by making last minute requests.  A county commission budget hearing should not be the first time commissioners hear about your library’s needs, especially not if you are asking for large capital items.   Do not submit requests once a budget has been finalized.  Learn when decision makers are studying their budgets and priorities.  Be prepared to meet with them at that formative time—when they have not yet committed to one particular course of action and can integrate your plans with theirs.

Know whom to talk to. In legislative matters, for instance, you would need to speak with the chairman and members of the appropriate committee.  If you are not already certain, find out who actually makes decisions about your budget and your requests and find out who recommends action to those individuals. Be sure to talk with key aides or assistants, because support staff is often responsible for gathering information that decision makers need to prioritize their ultimate actions. 

Assume bosses/political leaders are trying hard to do the right thing. Too often, we allow ourselves to accept the cynical clichés that politicians are less than honest or that bosses are more interested in their personal agenda rather than in carrying out good policy.  While some of that may be true, in most instances, people are trying to do the best job they can.  Just as the library manager has many pressures, so does the state legislator or the university president.  The fact is, decision makers must make tough choices and are themselves ultimately accountable based on their actions. 

Often, advocates assume that the reason decision makers have not supported them before is because the decision maker is inept or somehow uncaring about education and the services libraries provide.  Approaching any decision maker with that attitude is not only insulting; it is counter productive. Politeness and professionalism are only a beginning.  Whether you agree or not, give them the benefit of the doubt—assume that they would like to support the library’s services. And, never tell a decision maker, “Do this because it is the right thing to do.” Do not cast yourself as a judge on their morals.

Be targeted—do not be derailed. Just as you prioritized library requests, state your case using clear rationales. Stick to the topic at hand and do not ramble on about anything unrelated to your library request.  If you have set up a meeting to discuss a particular topic, do not dilute that presentation with talk about other matters.  Avoid the following phrases:  “as long as I’m here,” “while I have your attention,” “I’ve been meaning to mention,”  “there’s this other problem we’re having,” “What do you think about national security?” and so on.  Time is precious—yours and theirs.  Do not spend it on any discussion that cannot help you promote your cause.

By the same token, do not allow the decision maker to derail you from your topic.  A common trick is for a decision maker to ask you about a number of topics so as to “run out the clock” or limit any potential request he or she may not want to hear about.  Keep them on topic.  While you must naturally be cordial at the start of a meeting, get to your point quickly.  If the decision maker raises some totally unrelated issue, smile and agree that the point is fascinating and say that your library probably has a book on that.  Then continue making your case for the library’s needs!  

Librarians tend to say too much. Librarians love what they do and want to explain the complexity and wonder of library service to people.  Most decision makers do not want to hear it though.  When you have a key decision-making meeting, get to the point and make your request.  Give the rationale and then stop. Let the decision maker ask you questions.  While you must certainly be prepared to respond and have lots of facts and figures available (which you will, of course, present in written form), give that information when it is requested. 

Too often, librarians will over explain an issue or give too much detail.  Not only do you expend precious minutes on the clock, but you also run the risk of lulling the attention you have worked so hard to get.  The most extensive information you can provide is about the impact that your library has on people and the effect that the proposed request (should it be approved) will have on the people you (and the decision makers) serve. You do not need to give decision makers a lesson on library work or dazzle them with jargon.  If they want that information, they will certainly ask for it.  And, no matter what you are asked, be succinct.

Talk about outcomes. Service facts and figures are fine support information, but everyone today is talking about outcomes.  Tell the story that demonstrates the library’s role in helping someone graduate, start a business, cut costs, or get off Welfare.  Provide a context and a means for decision makers to understand the overall contribution the library makes to its particular community. Relate those outcomes to the priorities established by the decision maker.

Get others to argue your point. Get some of the people you serve or perhaps other leaders to talk with decision makers about your library’s needs.  While librarians are clearly the people most informed to talk about library requests, they are also seen as the most biased.  Patrons, school kids, parents, library board members, and other officials, for instance, are particularly effective because they represent the “lay” perspective.

Follow-up! Send a thank you note and continue discussions with the decision maker and his/her staff.  Keep them posted on the library’s activities and on the progress of your request. 

Almost everything is negotiable. There will be times when a librarian must state unequivocally a position and hold to it at all cost.  Be warned, however, those time are seldom.  Do not force yourself into a corner.  If you say to a decision maker, I absolutely must have this, or I cannot live with that mandate under any circumstance, you had better mean it.  Budgets, staffing, and even policy discussions are open to consideration. 

While certainly everyone begins a debate with a given position, the decision-making process is about crafting workable compromises.  If you refuse to negotiate (particularly for non “life and death” issues), you will be seen as unreasonable.  Your input into broader institutional or community policy will not be sought.  In short, you will make the most catastrophic of all mistakes:  you will keep yourself out of the negotiating table.

When you must absolutely hold a position, do so.  Just remember that almost any policy can be made workable.

 Some General Scenarios and Suggested Answers

Q. A decision maker says to you, “I don’t understand why libraries need so much money for electronic resources.  People can find what they need on the Internet. Let’s work smarter.  The money that the state has invested in electronic resources should be offset somewhere else in the library budget!”
  • Not all information is available on the Internet. And, not all information on the Internet is reliable.  “The Internet is a mile wide and an inch deep.”
  • Electronic resources, like all other products and services, are becoming more expensive.  In addition to yearly increases, libraries must also bear the cost of maintenance, training, upgrades, and numerous other responsibilities that are involved in providing access to electronic information that are not necessarily involved with print materials.
  • Quality electronic information is usually available only for a direct fee or through subscriptions provided by libraries.  The cost has not gone away—the difference is that the library is making the investment for the community.
  • Internet services like the highly publicized Google are a wonderful tool. HOWEVER, Google will provide access only to books in the public domain—those published before 1930. For more recent books, Google will provide the equivalent of a library catalog record along with information on how to purchase the book or order it through interlibrary loan service at one’s public libraries. And, Google, will not provide access to commercial journal subscriptions and reference resources.
  • Even with the advent of electronic information, people still need and want access to printed materials. We are fortunate to live in a time when people can have access to more information than ever before.  The great advantage of technology is not that it changes what we can access.  The advantage is that we have access to more information in diverse formats.  That flexibility and increase in informational resources is driving the world economy, and Texans must have access to that wealth of information if they are to remain competitive.

Q. A legislator says to you, “Why do you need special funding for school databases.  Just plug them into what you already have!”

  • Databases work somewhat like cable television.  You pay for the access you get. Just like a new family moving into your neighborhood can’t hook into your cable access, school libraries have to be properly subscribed. That requires the payment of licensing fees.
  • While the Texas State Library and Archives Commission can certainly negotiate the best deal as a large state purchaser, the agency must have the funds to pay the vendors for providing access to school libraries.
  • In the marketplace of online commercial subscriptions, the business model is one based on market share. This means vendors license broader contracts based on a return for the market share “lost.”  This is one reason why a central state purchase of databases makes sense—the state can leverage (given its large purchasing power) the best cost for the most users.

 Q. A legislator says, “We need new prisons, health insurance for children, we need to protect our parks.  If we fund libraries, which of these other priorities should we cut?"

  • All of these items are necessary to the people of Texas.  Libraries are as critical to the overall well being of state as any other of its major institutions. In fact, libraries play a role.
  • "Libraries are perhaps the most empowering means of helping youths.  Certainly we are all better off working to get kids into libraries rather than out of trouble or illegal situations.  Libraries remain one of the most effective means of solving tomorrow's problems today." - Chief C.O. Bradford, Houston Police Department
  • Libraries are one of the best investments a state can make in its people.  People who are better informed lead healthier lives, are better educated, and more responsible citizens.
  • As an elected official, you have a great responsibility in making choices—choices that meet both the immediate needs of the people in local communities while establishing long lasting tools that will continue improving Texas for Texans.

Q. A councilman asks, “Why should we fund libraries when libraries don’t protect kids?  Libraries expose children to pornography on the Internet.”

  • Libraries teach children and their parents how to find information that is appropriate to their needs.  The best way to protect children is to make them smart and skilled information users, as well encouraging parents to work with their children and helping them decide as a family how to deal with vast resources and tools of the information age.
  • Over 95% of all libraries have Internet use policies, and almost all the rest are developing them.
  • We believe that decisions about children’s use of the Internet are best made at the local level.
  • Filtering software promotes a false sense of security—since, on average, filtering software only blocks about 80% of “offensive” sites while blocking many legitimate sites.

Q. A decision maker says, I support all your needs, but I don’t have the final budget decision; Or, they say, I don’t serve on the Appropriations Committee/Finance Committee.  And, I don’t serve on the committees that will hear your bills.

  • Yes, I understand, but I know you hold great sway with your colleagues.  Please speak with members of the appropriate committees and ask them to support these issues.
  • When this matter comes to the floor for a vote, please support these initiatives.
  • Please make a point of mentioning the value of libraries when you have an opportunity to do so with your legislative colleagues.

Testimony

The rule of thumb for public testimony is to draft one page of comments or about five minutes. Testimony should never be read but should be prepared to hand in and used to keep the speaker on target. Be direct, compelling, and illustrate your point.  Always begin by introducing yourself and stating your position.

SAMPLES (pdf):

  • House Public Education Committee

  • Senate Committee as a whole


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